Burgos: Must-See Landmarks & Attractions

Step into the awe-inspiring world of Burgos Cathedral, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a jewel of Spanish Gothic architecture. Dominating the skyline of Burgos, this magnificent cathedral is a testament to centuries of faith, artistry, and historical significance. Its intricate facades, soaring spires, and breathtaking interior await, promising an unforgettable journey through time.

Discover the Monasterio de las Huelgas, a magnificent royal Cistercian monastery in Burgos, Spain, renowned for its historical significance and stunning architectural fusion. Founded in the late 12th century, it served as a royal pantheon and a vital religious and political center for the Crown of Castile for centuries, housing royal tombs and priceless historical artifacts. Explore its breathtaking chapels, cloisters, and museum, showcasing exquisite Romanesque, Gothic, and Mudéjar artistry. From its legendary battle standards to its role in royal history, Las Huelgas offers an unparalleled glimpse into medieval Spain's grandeur and legacy, making it an unmissable destination for history enthusiasts and cultural explorers.

Discover the historic Castillo de Burgos, a landmark perched atop a hill offering panoramic views of the ancient city of Burgos, Spain. Once a formidable fortress, its strategic location and rich history are palpable as you explore its ramparts and ruins. A visit here promises not only a journey through centuries of Spanish heritage but also unforgettable vistas, making it a must-see for any traveler seeking historical depth and scenic beauty.

Step into the awe-inspiring Miraflores Charterhouse (Cartuja de Miraflores) in Burgos, Spain, a jewel of Gothic-Isabelline architecture. This former royal palace, transformed into a monastery, houses some of Spain's most exquisite Renaissance artworks, including the breathtaking tombs of King John II and Queen Isabella of Portugal. Prepare to be captivated by its intricate artistry and profound historical significance.

Step back in time at the magnificent Arco de Santa María, a stunning Gothic archway in the heart of Burgos, Spain. Once a vital part of the medieval defenses, this historic monument now serves as a grand entrance and a symbol of the city's rich heritage. Discover its intricate architecture and the stories embedded within its ancient stones.

Step back in time at the Casa del Cordón, a magnificent Renaissance palace in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This iconic landmark, renowned for its distinctive cord motif and rich historical tapestry, offers a captivating glimpse into Spain's golden age and the Age of Discovery. Prepare to be enchanted by its Isabelline Gothic architecture and the echoes of momentous events that unfolded within its walls.

Discover the Palacio de los Condestables de Castilla in Burgos, a stunning example of Gothic-Renaissance architecture and a pivotal site in Spanish history. Known as the Casa del Cordón, this palace offers a unique window into the lives of the powerful Constable of Castile, showcasing impressive artistry and significant historical events that unfolded within its walls.

Discover Parque del Espolón, Burgos's enchanting historic park, a verdant sanctuary perfect for a relaxing stroll or a peaceful afternoon. Located in the vibrant city center, this meticulously maintained garden offers a delightful blend of natural beauty, historical monuments, and a refreshing escape from urban life. It's a must-visit for anyone exploring the cultural heart of Burgos.

Perched atop a commanding hill, the Castle of Burgos stands as a silent witness to Spain's tumultuous past. This ancient fortress, once a vital defensive bastion, now offers visitors a captivating glimpse into medieval military architecture and stunning vistas of the city below. Explore its storied ramparts and uncover the layers of history that have shaped this iconic landmark.

Discover the awe-inspiring Royal Monastery of Las Huelgas in Burgos, Spain, a site steeped in centuries of Castilian royal history and architectural magnificence. Founded in the late 12th century, this former Cistercian abbey served as a royal pantheon, royal residence, and a pivotal center of medieval power, making it an essential visit for history enthusiasts and culture seekers exploring the heart of Spain. Prepare to be transported back in time as you explore its stunning chapels, cloisters, and royal tombs.

Nestled in the historic city of Burgos, Spain, the Cartuja de Miraflores (Monastery of Miraflores) is a breathtaking masterpiece of Gothic architecture and a treasure trove of artistic and historical significance. Originally a royal hunting lodge, it was transformed into a Carthusian monastery by King John II of Castile, who envisioned it as his final resting place. This opulent monastery boasts some of the finest examples of Isabelline Gothic art, a flamboyant Spanish Gothic style characterized by its intricate ornamentation and lavish detailing. From its stunning facade to its richly decorated interiors, Miraflores offers visitors a journey through a pivotal era of Spanish history and artistic achievement, making it an unmissable destination for history buffs and art lovers alike.

Step back in time at the Museum of Burgos, a captivating cultural institution located in the heart of this historic Spanish city. Housed within the stunning Renaissance palace, Casa de Miranda, and the iconic Arco de Santa María, the museum offers an unparalleled journey through Burgos's rich past, from prehistoric findings to medieval splendors. Prepare to be immersed in the art, archaeology, and history that have shaped this significant Castilian city and its surrounding region.

Discover Paseo del Espolón, Burgos's enchanting urban oasis and a beloved historical promenade. Once part of the city's ancient defenses, this verdant space has been artfully transformed into a picturesque garden, inviting visitors to relax and immerse themselves in its serene beauty. It's the perfect place to experience the calm spirit of Burgos.

Discover the dawn of humanity at the acclaimed Museum of Human Evolution in Burgos, Spain, home to groundbreaking fossils from the Sierra de Atapuerca. This exceptional museum offers a compelling narrative of our earliest ancestors, providing an unparalleled glimpse into prehistoric life in Europe and beyond. Prepare for an awe-inspiring journey through millennia of human development.

Step back in time at the Puente de San Pablo, a stunning medieval bridge in Burgos, Spain, that has gracefully spanned the Arlanzón River for centuries. More than just a crossing, this iconic structure is a vital link to the city's rich history, particularly its significance for pilgrims on the renowned Camino de Santiago. Prepare to be captivated by its enduring beauty and the stories whispered by its ancient stones.

Step into the soul of Burgos at Plaza Mayor, the city's principal public square and a vibrant testament to its rich history. For centuries, this iconic plaza has served as the civic, social, and commercial epicenter of Burgos, witnessing pivotal moments and everyday life unfold against a backdrop of stunning architecture. From its origins as a bustling marketplace to its current role as a beloved gathering spot, Plaza Mayor offers a captivating glimpse into the enduring spirit of this historic Castilian city.

Discover the dawn of humanity at the Museo de la Evolución Humana (MEH) in Burgos, Spain, a world-renowned institution dedicated to the study of our origins. Housing spectacular fossil finds from the nearby Atapuerca sites, a UNESCO World Heritage treasure trove, the museum offers an unparalleled glimpse into the lives of our earliest ancestors. Prepare for an immersive journey through millions of years of human evolution, set within a breathtaking architectural marvel.

Experience the breathtaking beauty of Burgos from the Mirador del Castillo, a spectacular viewpoint offering unforgettable panoramic vistas of the historic city and its iconic landmarks. This elevated perch, intrinsically connected to the ancient Castillo de Burgos, allows you to gaze upon centuries of history unfolding below, from the majestic Cathedral to the meandering Arlanzón River. It's the perfect spot to capture stunning photographs and immerse yourself in the rich heritage and stunning landscapes of this captivating Spanish city.

Step back in time at the Monasterio de San Pedro de Cardeña, a historic Cistercian monastery near Burgos, Spain, steeped in centuries of faith, history, and legend. Founded in the 9th century, this venerable site offers a profound glimpse into medieval monastic life, Spanish heritage, and the enduring spirit of spiritual devotion. Explore its ancient stones, connect with its storied past, and experience the tranquility that has captivated visitors for generations.

Step back in time at the magnificent Palacio de los Velasco in Burgos, Spain, a stunning example of Renaissance architecture that whispers tales of noble lineage and historical grandeur. This impressive palace offers a captivating glimpse into the lives of Spain's powerful aristocracy, showcasing exquisite craftsmanship and enduring historical significance. A visit here is a journey into the heart of Burgos's rich cultural heritage, promising an enriching experience for history enthusiasts and architecture admirers alike.

Discover the Teatro Principal de Burgos, a historical cultural landmark in Burgos, Spain, that has been a cornerstone of the city's artistic life since its inauguration in the mid-19th century. This magnificent theater stands as a testament to neoclassical architecture and continues to be a vibrant venue for a wide range of performing arts, captivating both locals and visitors with its timeless elegance and diverse programming.

Discover Calle Monasterio de San Jerónimo, a historically significant and architecturally charming street in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This evocative lane transports visitors through time, offering a serene glimpse into the city's profound religious heritage and medieval past. Prepare to be captivated by its timeless beauty and the echoes of history that resonate through its ancient stones.

Discover the serene beauty of Plaza de Santa Clara in Burgos, a historic square that captures the essence of Castilian charm. Anchored by the ancient Convent of Santa Clara, this plaza offers a tranquil escape and a direct connection to the city's rich past. It's a perfect spot to experience authentic Spanish life, from its architectural heritage to its inviting cafes.

Discover the Hospital del Rey, a historic gem in Burgos, Spain, that once served as a crucial stop for pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago. Founded in the 12th century, this medieval complex represents a significant piece of the city's heritage, offering visitors a unique journey through centuries of history, charity, and faith. Explore its ancient architecture and immerse yourself in the stories of those who sought refuge and healing here.

Step into the living history of Burgos at Plaza de los Bandos, a central square steeped in centuries of Castilian heritage. Once the stage for public pronouncements and medieval disputes, this iconic plaza now invites visitors to wander beneath its elegant arcades and absorb the enduring spirit of the city. Discover a place where history whispers from every stone, offering a captivating glimpse into Burgos's past and a vibrant hub for contemporary life.

Discover Calle de las Huelgas in Burgos, Spain, a historically significant street leading to the awe-inspiring Royal Monastery of Las Huelgas. This atmospheric thoroughfare provides a direct link to centuries of royal history, medieval splendor, and significant religious events, making it an essential stop for any visitor exploring the cultural heart of Burgos. Prepare to be transported to another era as you tread the path once walked by kings and queens.

Discover Plaza de San Juan, a captivating historic square in the vibrant city of Burgos, Spain. This central plaza offers a glimpse into centuries of Castilian life, surrounded by elegant architecture and brimming with local atmosphere. It's the perfect place to experience the authentic charm of Burgos and immerse yourself in its rich cultural tapestry.

Step back in time on Calle de Francisco Sarmiento, a charming thoroughfare in the historic center of Burgos, Spain. This picturesque street invites you to explore the authentic essence of Castilian life, surrounded by beautiful traditional architecture and a palpable sense of history. It’s a place where modern life seamlessly blends with the echoes of the past, offering a delightful experience for every visitor.

Discover the Casa de Anguiano, a significant historical manor house nestled in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This architectural gem offers a fascinating glimpse into the region's aristocratic past and the enduring legacy of the Anguiano family. Immerse yourself in centuries of history as you explore its beautifully preserved interiors and learn about its cultural importance to the city.

Step back in time on Calle de los Herreros, the historic 'Street of the Blacksmiths' in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This charming cobblestone lane echoes with centuries of craftsmanship, once alive with the sounds of bustling forges and skilled artisans. Today, it invites you to wander through its picturesque setting, discovering a unique blend of history, local culture, and delightful shops and cafes, offering a truly authentic taste of Burgos's past and present.

Discover Calle San Juan de los Lagos, a captivating street in the heart of Burgos, Spain, that beautifully encapsulates the city's historical essence and vibrant daily life. This beloved thoroughfare invites you to immerse yourself in authentic Castilian charm, offering a delightful experience away from the main tourist crowds. Prepare to be enchanted by its unique blend of tradition and local character.

Discover Plaza de la Libertad, the vibrant soul of Burgos, Spain. This historic square, once the city's main market, is now a beloved gathering place, reflecting centuries of Castilian life and architectural beauty. Immerse yourself in the lively atmosphere, surrounded by elegant arcades and the majestic Teatro Principal, and experience the authentic pulse of this captivating city.

Discover the Puente de Hierro, Burgos's historic iron bridge, a captivating blend of industrial heritage and scenic beauty. This iconic structure offers stunning views and a tangible connection to the city's past. Stroll across its elegant span to experience a unique perspective of Burgos and its timeless charm.

Discover the vibrant heart of Burgos at Plaza de Alonso Martínez, a historic public square brimming with life and cultural significance. This central hub, named after a distinguished local figure, serves as a lively meeting point for locals and a captivating introduction to the city's rich heritage for visitors. Surrounded by elegant architecture and bustling with cafes and shops, it's the perfect place to begin your exploration of this enchanting Castilian city.

Discover the Iglesia de San Lorenzo el Real, a cornerstone of Burgos' spiritual and architectural legacy. This ancient church, with roots stretching back to the 13th century, offers a profound journey through history, art, and faith. Prepare to be mesmerized by its Gothic grandeur and Renaissance elegance, a testament to centuries of devotion and artistic expression in the heart of Castile.

Step back in time at the Iglesia de San Gil y Santa Ana, a jewel of Burgos that encapsulates centuries of Spanish history and artistry. This venerable church, a cornerstone of the city's religious and cultural landscape, invites exploration of its profound heritage. From its early Romanesque origins to its later Gothic and Renaissance transformations, San Gil y Santa Ana stands as a magnificent testament to evolving architectural styles and enduring faith.

Discover Estadio Municipal de El Plantío, the heart of football in Burgos, Spain. As the home ground for Burgos CF, this stadium pulsates with the energy of local sports enthusiasts and has been a cornerstone of community life for generations. Experience the authentic passion of Spanish football in a venue that embodies the city's sporting spirit. From historic matches to vibrant local events, El Plantío offers a unique glimpse into the soul of Burgos. Whether you're a die-hard football fan or simply curious about local culture, a visit promises an engaging encounter with the city's passionate community.

Discover the enchanting Plaza de la Trinidad, a historic gem in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This picturesque square, framed by stunning Gothic and Renaissance architecture, offers a captivating glimpse into the city's rich past. From its origins as a religious center to its role as a vibrant social hub today, Plaza de la Trinidad invites visitors to explore its beauty and soak in its historical ambiance.

Discover Calle de la Chopera, a captivating pedestrian street in the historic heart of Burgos, Spain. This lively promenade seamlessly blends centuries of history with vibrant modern-day culture, offering visitors a unique glimpse into the city's soul. Stroll along its charming path, soak in the unique atmosphere, and experience the authentic spirit of Burgos.

Step into the vibrant pulse of Burgos along Calle de laín Calvo, a historic and lively pedestrian street that forms the city's quintessential promenade. Once known as Calle Covadonga, this central artery is more than just a thoroughfare; it’s a place where history whispers from elegant facades and the aroma of local delicacies fills the air. Prepare to be enchanted by its charming atmosphere, inviting shops, and its role as a gateway to some of Burgos' most iconic attractions.

Step onto Calle de Vitoria, the vibrant soul of Burgos, Spain, where history whispers from every corner and modern life pulses with energy. This iconic street serves as a vital artery, connecting the city's most significant landmarks and offering a captivating journey through centuries of Castilian heritage. Whether you're drawn by the allure of its historic architecture, the aroma of local cuisine, or the simple pleasure of a leisurely stroll, Calle de Vitoria promises an unforgettable experience in the heart of this captivating city.

Step back in time at the Puente de San Juan, a historic stone bridge gracefully arching over the Arlanzón River in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This venerable structure, a key artery on the famed Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route, has witnessed centuries of history unfold, connecting the city's vibrant past with its present. A walk across its worn stones offers not just a scenic passage but a tangible link to the medieval merchants, pilgrims, and soldiers who shaped Burgos into a cultural and political powerhouse.

Discover Calle de Lain Calvo, the vibrant soul of Burgos, Spain. This historic boulevard, formerly known as Paseo del Espolón, is an elegant promenade perfect for leisurely strolls, cultural immersion, and experiencing the city's lively atmosphere. Connecting iconic landmarks like the Arch of Santa María to the Plaza de Mío Cid, it's the perfect place to absorb Burgos's rich history and charm.

Discover Paseo del Espolón, the elegant boulevard in Burgos, Spain, that serves as the city's vibrant social and cultural artery. This picturesque promenade, formerly Calle General Yagüe, invites visitors to immerse themselves in its timeless charm, connecting historical gateways with moments of urban tranquility. Experience the beauty of Burgos as you stroll beneath the leafy canopy, past manicured gardens and refreshing fountains, soaking in the atmosphere of this beloved public space. Whether you're seeking a leisurely walk, a cultural immersion, or simply a place to relax, Paseo del Espolón offers an unforgettable glimpse into the heart of this historic Castilian city.

Discover Plaza de San Lesmes, a captivating historic square in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This vibrant plaza, named after the city's beloved patron saint, offers a rich tapestry of history, architecture, and local life. As a central meeting point and gateway to historical treasures, Plaza de San Lesmes invites visitors to experience the authentic charm of Burgos.

Discover the charm of Plaza de San Gil, a captivating historic square nestled in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This vibrant public space serves as a focal point for local life, steeped in centuries of history and surrounded by beautiful traditional architecture. It's a perfect spot to experience the authentic ambiance of this Castilian city and admire its rich cultural heritage.

Escape to the serene beauty of Parque Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, a cherished green lung in the historic city of Burgos, Spain. This expansive park offers a delightful retreat for all ages, blending natural landscapes with recreational spaces. Named after the iconic Spanish naturalist, it's a testament to the city's appreciation for nature and a perfect spot to unwind.

Discover the timeless beauty and spiritual tranquility of the Convento de Santa Clara in Burgos, Spain. Founded in the 13th century, this historic convent offers a profound glimpse into medieval monastic life, showcasing stunning architecture and significant religious art. It stands as a serene sanctuary, inviting visitors to explore centuries of history, devotion, and artistic heritage within its ancient walls.

Discover the Iglesia de San Lesmes in Burgos, Spain, a significant Gothic church steeped in history and spirituality. This landmark is a vital piece of Burgos's heritage, closely associated with its beloved patron saint, Saint Lesmes. Prepare to be mesmerized by its architectural grandeur and the profound sense of peace it offers to all who visit.

Welcome to the Estación de Ferrocarril de Burgos, the modern gateway to the magnificent city of Burgos, Spain. This contemporary station serves as the primary rail link for travelers exploring the rich history and vibrant culture of the Castile and León region. More than just a transport hub, it represents Burgos' connection to the wider world, efficiently connecting visitors to iconic landmarks and the stunning surrounding landscapes.

Discover the grandeur of Palacio de los Esquivel in Burgos, a magnificent Renaissance palace that stands as a proud testament to Spain's rich architectural heritage. Immerse yourself in centuries of history as you explore its exquisitely preserved interiors and admire the intricate Plateresque detailing that adorns its facade. This iconic landmark offers a captivating journey into the lives of nobility and the artistic soul of Castile.

Discover Calle Almirante Topete, a captivating street in the heart of Burgos, Spain, that beautifully blends rich history with vibrant modern life. This essential thoroughfare serves as a perfect starting point for exploring the city's iconic landmarks and soaking in its unique Castilian atmosphere. From its historical roots to its current bustling charm, Calle Almirante Topete offers a delightful experience for every visitor seeking the authentic essence of Burgos.

Discover the vibrant heart of Burgos at Plaza del Mercado, a historic square pulsating with centuries of commerce and culture. This iconic landmark, once the city's primary marketplace, invites you to step back in time amidst stunning medieval architecture and lively street life. Experience the authentic spirit of Castile as you explore its charming arcades and soak in the atmosphere of this beloved public space.

Discover Plaza de Vega, Burgos's charming central square, a lively hub steeped in history and surrounded by elegant architecture. This vibrant public space invites visitors to immerse themselves in the authentic atmosphere of the city, offering a perfect blend of cultural significance and everyday life. Whether you're exploring Burgos's rich past or simply seeking a delightful spot to relax, Plaza de Vega promises a memorable experience.

Discover Plaza del Mío Cid, the iconic heart of Burgos, Spain, dedicated to the legendary medieval hero El Cid Campeador. This bustling public square, crowned by a magnificent equestrian statue, serves as a vibrant meeting point and a powerful symbol of the city's rich history and cultural identity. Immerse yourself in the heroic legacy of Spain's greatest warrior as you explore this central landmark, a must-visit for anyone seeking to connect with the soul of Burgos.

Discover the Palacio de Capitanía General in Burgos, a historical gem that whispers tales of military command and architectural splendor. This significant building has been a center of power and strategy for centuries, reflecting the city's deep military heritage. Step back in time as you explore its impressive façade and imagine the historical events that unfolded within its walls, making it a must-see for history enthusiasts and culture seekers alike.

Step back in time at the Iglesia de Santa María la Real y Antigua, a breathtaking church in Burgos, Spain, renowned for its stunning Gothic and Renaissance architecture. This historic sanctuary offers a profound glimpse into Spain's rich artistic and religious heritage, captivating visitors with its intricate details and centuries-old stories. Discover a masterpiece of Spanish ecclesiastical art that continues to inspire awe and devotion.

Discover Paseo de la Isla, Burgos's enchanting riverside promenade, a verdant oasis perfect for leisurely strolls and family fun. This historic park offers a refreshing escape with its lush gardens, charming bridges, and tranquil atmosphere, inviting you to connect with nature and the city's rich heritage. Whether you seek a peaceful walk, a picnic spot, or a dose of local culture, Paseo de la Isla promises a delightful experience for every visitor.

Discover the enchanting Jardín de la Isla in Burgos, a historic gem offering a serene escape with its meticulously manicured gardens and tranquil ambiance. Once a private sanctuary for royalty, this Renaissance-style garden invites you to wander through its beautiful pathways, admire its elegant fountains, and soak in centuries of history and natural beauty. It’s a perfect retreat for a peaceful stroll and a breath of fresh air in the heart of the city.

Discover Parque de El Parral, a cherished green sanctuary in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This expansive park, tracing its origins to ancient monastic grounds, offers a picturesque blend of manicured gardens, tranquil riverside paths, and vibrant open spaces. It's the perfect destination for a leisurely stroll, family fun, or a peaceful moment surrounded by nature, just moments from the city's historic center.

Discover Calle Eduardo Martínez del Campo, a historic street in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This charming thoroughfare offers a captivating glimpse into the city's rich past, connecting significant landmarks and allowing visitors to soak in the authentic Castilian atmosphere. Stroll along its traditional architecture and feel the pulse of centuries of history.

Discover the Plaza de Santo Domingo de Guzmán, a vibrant historical center in Burgos, Spain. This beautiful square, surrounded by elegant architecture, has been a focal point for city life for centuries, offering a captivating glimpse into Spain's rich past and present.

Discover the majestic Palacio de los Guzmanes, an architectural jewel in the heart of Burgos, Spain. This 16th-century Renaissance palace, commissioned by the powerful Guzmán family, offers a stunning glimpse into Spain's rich historical and artistic heritage. Its intricate Plateresque design and impressive courtyard make it a must-see landmark for history buffs and architecture enthusiasts alike.

Discover Calle Isabel la Católica, the historic spine of Burgos, Spain, that connects you to the city's most significant landmarks. Named in honor of Queen Isabella I, this street is a living testament to Burgos's rich past and a vibrant hub for contemporary life. Its proximity to the UNESCO World Heritage site, the Burgos Cathedral, makes it an essential stop for any visitor seeking to immerse themselves in the city's captivating history and culture.

Discover Calle de los Comuneros, a dynamic street in the heart of Burgos, Spain, pulsating with history and local life. This significant thoroughfare, named after the historic Comuneros revolt, serves as a vibrant artery connecting Burgos' past with its present, offering visitors a quintessential Spanish urban experience.

Step onto Calle de la Paz in Burgos, Spain, and be transported to a bygone era. This enchanting pedestrian street serves as a vital link between the city's most iconic sites, most notably the awe-inspiring Burgos Cathedral. As you wander its length, you'll feel the pulse of history beneath your feet, surrounded by a captivating blend of architectural styles and buzzing with the energy of local life. It's the perfect artery to explore the heart of Burgos, offering a delightful mix of culture, history, and authentic Spanish charm.

Discover the Plaza de la Constitución, Burgos's iconic main square, also known as Plaza Mayor. This historic hub, framed by elegant arcades and bustling cafes, has been the city's central gathering point for centuries. It's a place where history, culture, and daily life converge, offering a captivating glimpse into the soul of Burgos.

Discover the vibrant Plaza de San Lorenzo, a captivating public square in the historic city of Burgos, Spain. This central hub offers a picturesque glimpse into Castilian life, blending centuries of history with a lively contemporary atmosphere. Whether you're exploring its charming architecture or soaking in the local culture, the Plaza de San Lorenzo promises an unforgettable experience in the heart of this ancient city.